Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can improve the health-related quality of life of older women, according to a BMJ study.

A DoH adviser leading the push for practices to further extend hours is one of the key speakers at a major primary care event in London on 1 October.

Doctors have called for action not words to tackle alcohol misuse in Scotland.

Access to good palliative care in Scotland needs to improve and it must be more consistently provided for the thousands of people who need it each year, according to Audit Scotland.

There is no clear link between hospital death rates and the quality of care provided, academics have found.

Objective To compare growth curves of body mass index from children to adolescents, and then to young adults, in Japanese girls and women in birth cohorts born from 1930 to 1999.

Design Retrospective repeated cross sectional annual nationwide surveys (national nutrition survey, Japan) carried out from 1948 to 2005.

Setting Japan.

Participants 76 635 females from 1 to 25 years of age.

Main outcome measure Body mass index.

Results Generally, body mass index decreased in preschool children (2-5 years), increased in children (6-12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years), and slightly decreased in young adults (19-25 years) in these Japanese females. However, the curves differed among birth cohorts. More recent cohorts were more overweight as children but thinner as young women. The increments in body mass index in early childhood were larger in more recent cohorts than in older cohorts. However, the increments in body mass index in adolescents were smaller and the decrease in body mass index in young adults started earlier, with lower peak values in more recent cohorts than in older cohorts. The decrements in body mass index in young adults were similar in all birth cohorts.

Conclusions An overweight birth cohort in childhood does not necessarily continue to be overweight in young adulthood. Not only secular trends in body mass index at fixed ages but also growth curves for wide age ranges by birth cohorts should be considered to study obesity and thinness. Growth curves by birth cohorts were produced by a repeated cross sectional annual survey over nearly six decades.